DMFIND(1)
NAME
- dmfind - Searches for files in a directory hierarchy
SYNOPSIS
- dmfind [path-name-list...] [expression]
IMPLEMENTATION
- SGI IRIX systems licensed for the Data Migration Facility (DMF)
DESCRIPTION
- The dmfind command is based on the IRIX version of find.
- The dmfind command recursively descends the directory hierarchy for
each path name in the path-name-list (that is, one or more path names)
seeking files that match a boolean expression written in the
expression. If the expression does not contain at least one of -print,
-ok, or -exec, including the case of a null expression, a -print is
implicit.
Expressions
- The expression is made up of options, tests, and actions, all of which
can be separated by operators.
- Options differ from the other expressions in that they have an effect
on overall operation of the command rather than the processing of a
specific file; they always return a true value. Tests process files
and return a true or false value. Actions have side effects and
return a true or false value. A logical AND is assumed if the
operator is omitted.
- Options
- All options always return true. This means that they always take
effect, rather than being processed only when their place in the
expression is reached. Therefore, for clarity, most people place them
at the beginning of the expression.
- dmfind accepts the following Option expressions:
Option expressions Description
- -depth
- Processes the contents of each directory
before the directory itself. This can be
useful when dmfind is used with cpio(1) to
transfer files that are contained in
directories without write permission.
- -follow
- Causes the underlying file of a symbolic
link to be checked rather than the
symbolic link itself.
- -help
- Prints a summary of the command-line usage
of dmfind and exits.
- -mount
- Specifies that dmfind should restrict its
search to the file system containing the
path-name-list.
- Tests
- Tests are expressions that limit what the dmfind command returns. For
example, the following command prints a list of files in the current
(working) directory that were accessed within the last hour:
- dmfind . -atime 1
- All numeric arguments can be specified as follows:
- +n
- More than n
- n
- Exactly n
- -n
- Less than n
- The dmfind command accepts the following Test expressions:
Test expression Description
- -anewer file
- Indicates that the path-name-list was last
accessed more recently than file was
modified. See stat(2) for a description
of which file operations change the access
time of a file.
- -atime [+-]n
- Indicates that the file was last accessed
n days ago. The definition of n days ago
is any time within the interval beginning
exactly n*24 hours ago and ending exactly
(n-1)*24 hours ago. The + and - prefixes
signify more or less than n days ago,
respectively. This means that +n is more
than n*24 hours ago, and -n is less than
n*24 hours ago. See stat(2) for a
description of which file operations
change the access time of a file. The
access time of directories in path-name-
list is changed by dmfind itself.
- -bfid bfid
- Specifies that dmfind should find the file
with the specified bit file identifier
(bfid) attached to it in the DMF migration
process.
- -cnewer file
- Indicates that the path-name-list was last
changed more recently than file was
modified. See stat(2) for a description
of which file operations change the change
time of a file.
- -ctime [+-]n
- Indicates that the status of the file was
last changed n*24 hours ago. See -atime
for a complete description of the
definition of "24 hours ago".
- -state state
- Specifies that dmfind should find all
files of the specified valid DMF state.
Possible values for state follow (values
can be abbreviated and are
case-insensitive):
Value Description
| REG |
File not managed by DMF |
| MIG |
Migrating file |
| DUL |
Dual-state file |
| OFL |
Offline file |
| UNM |
Unmigrating file |
| NMG |
Nonmigratable file |
| INV |
DMF cannot determine the file's state |
- -fhandle dmapi_file_handle
- Specifies that dmfind should find the file
with the specified Data Management API
(DMAPI) fhandle. The fhandle is the DMF
representation of the DMAPI name for the
file in the file system.
- -fstype type
- Indicates that the file is on a file
system of type type.
- -group gname
- Indicates that the file belongs to group
gname. If gname is numeric and does not
appear in the /etc/group file, it is taken
as a group ID.
- -inum inode
- Indicates that inode is the inode number
of the file.
- -links n
- Indicates that the file has n links.
- -local
- Indicates that the file physically resides
on the local system. Using this test
expression causes the search not to
descend into remotely mounted file
systems.
- -mtime [+-]n
- Indicates that the data in the file was
last modified n*24 hours ago. See -atime
for a complete description of the
definition of "24 hours ago".
- -name file
- Indicates that file matches the current
file name. Normal shell argument syntax
must be escaped. The metacharacters (*,
?, and []) do not match a . at the start
of the file name.
- -newer file
- Indicates that the path-name-list was last
modified more recently than file was
modified. See stat(2) for a description
of which file operations change the
modification time of a file.
- -nouser
- Indicates that the file belongs to a user
not in the /etc/passwd file.
- -nogroup
- Indicates that the file belongs to a group
not in the /etc/passwd file.
- -perm mode
- Indicates that the file's permission bits
are exactly mode, which can be an octal
number or a symbolic expression of the
form used in chmod(1).
- -perm -mode
- All of the permission bits in mode are set
for the file. mode can be an octal number
or a symbolic expression of the form used
in chmod(1).
- -perm +mode
- Any of the permission bits in mode are set
for the file. mode can be an octal number
or a symbolic expression of the form used
in chmod(1).
- -size [+-]n[c]
- Indicates that the file uses n blocks of
space. There are 512 bytes per block. If
n is followed by a c, the size is in
characters.
- -type filetype
- Locates files of the specified filetype.
The filetype is specified by one of the
following letters:
| b |
Block (buffered) special file |
| c |
Character (unbuffered) special file |
| d |
Directory |
| f |
Regular file |
| l |
Symbolic link |
| p |
FIFO or named pipe |
| s |
Sockets |
- -user uname
- Indicates that the file is owned by user
uname. If uname is numeric and does not
appear as a login name in the /etc/passwd
file, it is taken as a user ID.
- Actions
- Actions are expressions that act on files. They allow you to execute
commands from within a dmfind command line. The dmfind command
accepts the following Action expressions:
Action expression Description
- -cpio device
- Write the current file on device in
cpio(1) format (5120-byte records). This
command issues a warning if it encounters
a file larger than two gigabytes; you must
use the cpio(1) command to archive files
larger than two gigabytes.
- -exec command ;
- Execute command True if the executed
command returns a zero value as exit
status. The end of command must be
punctuated by an escaped semicolon. A
command argument {} is replaced by the
current path name. To escape
constructions, you can use a backslash (\)
or quotation marks ("") to protect them
from expansion by the shell.
- -ok command ;
- Like -exec except that the generated
command line is printed with a question
mark first, and is executed only if the
user responds by typing y.
- -print
- Prints command output to standard output.
- -prune
- Specifies that dmfind should not examine
any directories or files in the directory
structure below the pattern just matched.
If the current path name is a directory,
dmfind does not descend into that
directory, provided -depth is not also
used.
- Operators
- The operators are as follows, listed in order of decreasing
precedence:
Operator Description
- ( expression )
- True if the expression is true. Parentheses are
special to the shell and must be escaped.
- ! expression
- True if expression is false.
- expr1 expr2
- AND (implied); expr2 is not evaluated if expr1 is
false.
- expr1 -o expr2
- OR; expr2 is not evaluated if expr1 is true.
EXIT STATUS
- An exit status of 0 (zero) indicates that all path-name-list operands
were traversed successfully. An exit status greater than zero
indicates that an error occurred.
BUGS
- The command dmfind / -depth always fails with the following message:
- dmfind: stat failed: : No such file or directory
- The dmfind command relies on a completely correct directory hierarchy
for its search. In particular, if a directory's .. is missing or
incorrect, dmfind fails at that point and issues some number stat
failed: messages.
- -depth and -prune do not work together well.
EXAMPLES
- Example 1: To remove all files named a.out or *.o that have not been
accessed for a week, use the following command:
- dmfind / \( -name a.out -o -name '*.o' \) -atime +7 -exec rm {} \ ;
- Example 2: To display all character special devices on the root file
system except those under any dev directory:
- dmfind / -mount \( -type d -name dev -prune \) -o -type c -print
FILES
- /etc/passwd
- Supplies UID information
- /etc/group
- Supplies GID information
SEE ALSO
- dmattr(1) and dmls(1) for other methods of obtaining the DMF state of
files
- chmod(1) for more information on file permission flags
cpio(1) for more information on transferring files located with find
rm(1) for more information on deleting files and directories
sh(1) for more information on quoting and parameter substitution
test(1) for more information on testing conditions
- stat(2) for file system information
sysfs(2) for file system type information
umask(2) for information on setting and getting file creation masks
- xfs(4) for the information about the XFS file system
- cpio(5) for the format of cpio files